AFM for 2D Materials

Atomically thin flakes need nanoscale electrical contrast without damaging the layer. Layer number, doping and stacking show up in the surface potential, while ResiScope™ III maps conductivity across flakes, edges and contacts.

What to measure

Measurements and the Nano-Observer mode for each

Surface potential & work function vs layer number (KPFM)HD-KFM™ III Conductivity of flakes, edges and contacts (C-AFM)ResiScope™ III Gentle conductive imaging of fragile layersSoft ResiScope™ Piezo response of 2D ferroelectrics (PFM)PFM

Materials

Materials in this family

MaterialWhat to measureNano-Observer modes
GraphenegrapheneSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
MoS₂MoS2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)hBN · h-BN · boron nitrideSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Van der Waals heterostructuresSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
WS₂WS2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
WSe₂WSe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
MXenes (Ti₃C₂ …)MXene · Ti3C2 · MXenesSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Twisted / moiré bilayersTwisted · moiré bilayersCurrent & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III Soft ResiScope™
MoSe₂MoSe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
InSe / GaSeGaSe · InSeSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
MoTe₂MoTe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
SnS₂ / SnSe₂SnS2 · SnSe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
ReS₂ / ReSe₂ReS2 · ReSe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Black phosphorusphosphorene · black phosphorusSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
PdSe₂PdSe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Bi₂O₂SeBi2O2SeSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
WTe₂WTe2Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™