AFM for Battery & Energy-Storage Materials

Electrodes, solid electrolytes and interphases mix conductive and insulating phases. ResiScope™ III maps conductivity across that whole range in one scan, Soft ResiScope™ protects soft binders and coatings, and HD-KFM™ III maps the surface potential across particles and interfaces.

What to measure

Measurements and the Nano-Observer mode for each

Conductivity of electrode particles & networks (C-AFM, SSRM)ResiScope™ III · Soft ResiScope™ Surface potential across particles & interfaces (KPFM)HD-KFM™ III Measurements in a controlled atmosphereGas / humidity control

Materials

Materials in this family

MaterialWhat to measureNano-Observer modes
Solid electrolytes (LLZO, sulfides…)LLZO · Li6PS5Cl · sulfidesSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Layered oxide cathodes (NMC, NCA, LiCoO₂)NCA · NMC · NCMCurrent & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III Soft ResiScope™
SupercapacitorsSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Lithium-metal anodesSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI)SEI · Solid–electrolyte interphaseCurrent & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III Soft ResiScope™
LiFePO₄LiFePO4Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Silicon / graphite anodesSilicon · graphite anodesCurrent & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III Soft ResiScope™