AFM for Thin-Film & Organic Photovoltaics

Thin-film and organic solar cells (CdTe, CIGS, CZTS, Sb₂Se₃, organic and tandem cells) depend on grain boundaries, interfaces and contacts. HD-KFM™ III maps surface potential and work function, ResiScope™ III the local current, and with sample illumination on the Nano-Observer II both can be compared in the dark and under light.

What to measure

Measurements and the Nano-Observer mode for each

Surface potential & work function (KPFM)HD-KFM™ III Local current & shunts (C-AFM)ResiScope™ III Dark vs illuminated measurementsSample illumination (Nano-Observer II) Soft organic layersSoft ResiScope™

Materials

Materials in this family

MaterialWhat to measureNano-Observer modes
Organic solar cellsSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Silicon solar cells (PERC, TOPCon, HJT)HJT · PERC · TOPConSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
CIGS (Cu(In,Ga)Se₂)CIGS · Cu(In · GaSe2)Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
CdTeSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
CZTS / CZTSSeCZTS · CZTSSeSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Tandem solar cellsSurface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™
Sb₂Se₃ / Sb₂S₃Sb2S3 · Sb2Se3Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Conductivity on soft or fragile samplesHD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III Soft ResiScope™