AFM for Metal Oxides & Photocatalysts

Oxide semiconductors and photocatalysts (TiO₂, ZnO, g-C₃N₄, BiVO₄, bismuth oxyhalides and their heterojunctions) are judged by how charges separate and move between phases. Surface potential maps with HD-KFM™ III show band alignment and charge transfer across interfaces; compared in the dark and under illumination, they show where photogenerated charges go. ResiScope™ III adds the local conductivity.

What to measure

Measurements and the Nano-Observer mode for each

Surface potential, band alignment & charge transfer (KPFM)HD-KFM™ III Dark vs illuminated surface potentialSample illumination (Nano-Observer II) Local conductivity of particles and films (C-AFM)ResiScope™ III

Materials

Materials in this family

Material	What to measure	Nano-Observer modes
TiO₂TiO2	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
ZnO	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
g-C₃N₄ (carbon nitride)C3N4 · g-C3N4 · carbon nitride	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
In₂O₃ / ITO / IGZOITO · IGZO · In2O3	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
SrTiO₃SrTiO3	Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM)	ResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III
CdS	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOBr, BiOCl, BiOI)BiOI · BiOBr · BiOCl	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
NiO	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
CuO / Cu₂OCuO · Cu2O	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
SnO₂SnO2	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
BiVO₄BiVO4	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
WO₃WO3	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
ZnIn₂S₄ZnIn2S4	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
MoO₃MoO3	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfacesLaAlO3 · SrTiO3 interfaces	Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM) · Surface potential, work function (KPFM)	ResiScope™ III HD-KFM™ III
Fe₂O₃ / Fe₃O₄Fe3O4 · Fe2O3	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
VO₂VO2	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
CeO₂CeO2	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III
Bi₂WO₆ / Bi₂MoO₆Bi2WO6 · Bi2MoO6	Surface potential, work function (KPFM) · Current & resistance (C-AFM, SSRM)	HD-KFM™ III ResiScope™ III